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Compliance and audit reviews
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External audit
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Financial reporting advisory
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As the benefits technology can deliver to your business increases, so too do the opportunities for cybercriminals.
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Virtual CSO
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Debt advisory
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Financial modelling
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Investigation services
A fast and customised response when misconduct occurs in your business.
早在 3 月,政府就宣布了一系列措施,试图解决新西兰房价失控的问题。 这其中的关键是改革税收制度,以取消政府认为的房产投资者享有的优惠待遇
新西兰是少数几个不征收资本利得税的经合组织国家之一。 虽然已有很多税收规则征收物业增值税(本质上是一种松散变相的资本利得税),但新措施的规定却要深入得多。
这其中第一项措施就是对持有 10 年内出售的住宅物业(主要自住房除外)征收收益税。 这被称为“明线”测试。 它最初由国家党提出,于 2015 年 10 月 1 日起生效,一开始仅针对持有两年内出售的物业。 随后,工党于2018 年 3 月 29 日起将其延长至五年。 对于 2021 年 3 月 27 日后购入的物业,目前的明线期定为 10 年。
此外,明线规则还进行了其他多项调整,让人们更难利用主要自住房豁免规定来钻空子。 以前,若物业作为主要自住房的时间达到持有时间的一半以上,即可适用主要住房豁免规定。 新规则只会根据物业用作主要住房的时间,按比例减少物业出售的收益税。
3 月份宣布的第二项措施,是逐步取消住宅物业购房贷款的利息抵扣政策。 背后的意图是要在纳税人预期取得大量免税收益时,限制相应的利息抵扣。 虽然限制利息抵扣的政策自 3 月起适用于新购买的物业,并自 2021 年 10 月1 日起逐步延伸至其他所有住宅投资物业,但事实上,政府在公布时并没有制定限制利息抵扣规则的实施细则。
当时,税务局建议称这些改革措施会让政府在 2021-2025 年间获得 $18.2 亿额外收入,具体金额取决于当时的贷款利率。
一直到 2021 年 9 月下旬,政府总算在最后关头出台了关于限制利息抵扣规则的立法草案。
这些规则或许是近年来最具争议的税收改革措施之一。 大多数依靠投资住宅物业来获取租金收入的纳税人,不再能够用贷款利息来抵减租金收入的税收。
根据利息抵扣取消规则的规定, 2021 年 3 月 27 日或之后购入的住宅物业自 2021 年 10 月 1 日起不得申请利息抵扣。
对于 2021 年 3 月 27 日前购入的物业,则分阶段逐步实施这些规则:
- 2021 年 10 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 31 日可申请抵扣 75% 利息
- 2023 年 4 月 1 日至 2024 年 3 月 31 日可申请抵扣 50% 利息
- 2024 年 4 月 1 日至 2025 年 3 月 31 日可申请抵扣 25% 利息
- 自 2025 年 4 月 1 日起,完全取消住宅物业购房贷款利息抵扣。
与其他任何税收规则一样,关键在于细节,目前限制利息抵扣的实施细则终于提交国会审议。 细则主要是要罗列这些规则的豁免情形。
首先,新规则不会同等适用于“新建住宅”。 新建住宅系指在 2020 年 3 月 27 日或之后领取建筑合格证书(CCC)的物业。 新建住宅最长可自建筑合格证书颁发之日起 20 年内,享受利息抵扣政策。 这项豁免规定适用于新建住宅的最初购买人以及 20 年内的后续业主。
新建住宅(定义同样以建筑合格证书(CCC)颁发为准)的明线测试期也从 10 年缩短至 5 年。
根据这个定义,新建住宅的决定因素在于建筑合格证书的颁发,与住宅房龄无关。 因此,改建成住宅的写字楼或改建成多个新住宅的现有住宅,可能也符合条件。
此外,某些类型的住宅物业也可享受豁免,例如农场房屋、某些毛利土地、退休村、酒店、医院、社会住房、员工或学生宿舍,以及新西兰境外土地。 将主要住房的房间出租给租户的自住型业主也不包括在内。
拥有住宅的公司,只要其主营业务不涉及住宅用地,通常也可享受豁免。 但五个或以下个人或受托人拥有公司 50% 或以上股份的情形除外。
若物业在同一份产权证上同时拥有住宅物业和非住宅物业,则仅与非住宅物业相关的利息部分可以抵扣。
对于开发用于销售的房屋,房产开发商通常仍可申请利息抵扣。
取消利息抵扣后,若物业依据明线测试规定需要纳税,则仍可在物业出售当年申请利息抵扣。
有意思的是,税务局的建议也警告称,拟议立法可能会带来租户租金上涨和逃税漏税的风险。 它还警告称,这些改革措施会增加 250,000 名可能受这些改革措施影响之纳税人的合规成本。 它也会增加税务局的行政成本,因为他们要追查到个人是否依法纳税。
这部立法现已递交指定委员会,预计将于明年 3 月通过,但颁布后相关规则会从 2021 年 10 月 1 日起追溯实施。
规则里的细节远多于上文罗列的内容,且个人具体情形也可能产生不同结果。 因此,建议客户自行征询税收意见。
欢迎联系Alicia Bao咨询更多详情,联系方式如下:
Alicia Bao税务咨询及合规直拨电话:+64 27 203 1044 电子邮箱:alicia.bao@nz.gt.com |